Newbie with a few HDI queries

[td163]

Hi guys please humor me I've only owned the HDI about a week and this is my first diesel car. Today I have been doing alot of work on the car and came across 2 things that to me didn't seem rite, if anyone can advice me I'd greatly appreciate it.

1) there is a hose thin hose attached below the tap looking thing just to the left of my arrow which went straight to the floor and I was trying to figure out if it's a breather pipe or it has come undone from someware?





2) near where the gearbox meets the engine I found this which again in my newbie HDI mind looked wrong and imo it looks like it should be shielded? Looks like a big cog from what I could see.