Right, thought I'd clear this up as it is bugging me. There is no conclusive answer on the internet to:
'Will dot 5.1 fluid damage braking systems'
But after scouring wikipedia and other such resources, I have learnt the follwing;
Peugeots, run out of the factory with what is called LHM (Liquide hyraulique minerale (some frecnch shit for mineral hydraulic liquid)) fluid in the braking system. LHM fluid was created by citroen in 1954 and in its basic form it is not hygroscopic. This means it does not naturally adsorb water from the atmosphere. Ideal in braking and suspension systems obv, as less gas bubbles will form in the system, reducing braking or compression efficiency.
Because it is a mineral oil, it, as above, adsorbs minimal moisture and also contains corrosion inhibitors. This means it remains less corrosive for longer periods of time. We all know brake fluid is corrosive, excellent at removing paint from that twat of a neighbours car, but LHM will do consequentially do less of this. Hence requiring changing less, lengthening the life of the system.
As the LHM is a mineral based oil, it requires different seals to those system running silicone of other synthetic based oil systems.
Dot 4 will be fine in your system, however, as the peugeot, citroen and some rolls-royce braking sytsems use what are known as LHM seals, 5.1 will corrode these, breaking them down over time, hence causing system leaks. For this i do not however know a time-frame. It could be minutes, hours, weeks or even years....
Dot 5.1 is not a mineral oil, so this is why it has this effect.
And of course, do not mix types of fluid, make sure your system is flushed correctly...
Hope that helps